Elementos teóricos y metodológicos de una estrategia comunitaria para la prevención del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA) en jóvenes universitarios

Introducción: El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA) en el entorno universitario ha sido una problemática de salud pública que es necesario abordar para fortalecer el desarrollo integral de los estudiantes. Objetivo: Indagar sobre elementos teóricos y metodológicos que permitan prevenir, controlar y mitigar la problemática al interior de la Universidad. Materiales y métodos: El proceso de investigación se desarrolló bajo la lógica del paradigma cualitativo, con un diseño de tipo etnográfico; para la construcción de la estrategia metodológica se utilizaron técnicas de investigación-acción. Resultados: La estrategia se fundamentó en factores relacionados con los determinantes estructurales e intermedios de la salud que guiaron la construcción de actividades asociadas con la psicología comunitaria, promoción, comunicación y educación para la salud, así como acciones propuestas por las autoridades de salud en Colombia. Conclusión: El estudio permitió evidenciar que existen puntos de confluencia entre las diferentes perspectivas en donde se reconoció que aspectos como las normas y leyes, el entorno familiar, el vínculo social, la raza, grupo étnico y costumbres de la sociedad, son factores de los determinantes sociales de la salud que pueden influir para que un joven consuma sustancias psicoactivas dentro de la Universidad.

Introduction: The use of psychoactive substances in the university environment has been a public health problem that must be addressed to strengthen the integral development of students. Objective: The purpose of the study carried out was to inquire about theoretical and methodological elements that allow to prevent, control and mitigate the problem within the University. Materials and methods: The research process was developed under the logic of the qualitative paradigm, with an ethnographic design, in the construction of the methodological strategy, Action research techniques were used. Results: The strategy was based on factors related to the structural and intermediate determinants of health that were the guides in the construction of activities related to community psychology, promotion, communication and health education, as well as actions proposed by the Health authorities in Colombia. Conclusions: The study made it possible to show that there are points of confluence between the different perspectives where it was recognized that aspects such as norms and laws, family environment, social bond, race, ethnic group and customs of society, are factors of social determinants that can influence a young person to consume psychoactive substances within the University.

Introdução: O consumo de substâncias psicoativas (SPA) no ambiente universitário tem sido um problema de saúde pública que deve ser enfrentado para fortalecer o desenvolvimento integral dos estudantes. Objetivo: Indagar sobre elementos teóricos e metodológicos que permitam prevenir, controlar e mitigar o problema dentro da Universidade. Materiais e métodos: O processo de investigação desenvolveu-se sob a lógica do paradigma qualitativo, com desígnio etnográfico e na construção da estratégia metodológica foram utilizadas técnicas de investigação-ação. Resultados: A estratégia foi baseada em fatores relacionados com os determinantes estruturais e intermediários da saúde que orientaram a construção de atividades associadas à psicologia comunitária, promoção, comunicação e educação para a saúde, bem como ações propostas pelas autoridades de saúde na Colômbia. Conclusão: O estudo permitiu mostrar que existem pontos de confluência entre as diferentes perspectivas onde se reconheceu que aspetos como as normas e leis, o ambiente familiar, o vínculo social, a raça, a etnia e os costumes da sociedade, são fatores dos determinantes sociais de saúde que podem influenciar um jovem a consumir substâncias psicoativas dentro da Universidade.

Juventudes e os retrocessos político-sociais da nova direita no Brasil / Youth and the new right's political-social setbacks in Brazil

A crise capitalista tem implicado elevadas taxas de desempregos entre os(as) jovens, precarização das relações de trabalho, criminalização da juventude negra e alto índice de violência sobre os(as) jovens. Mas, segundo a tese defendida por este artigo, essas implicações incidem de forma diferenciada no segmento etário, pois as juventudes comportam e são diferenciadas por classe, gênero, raça/etnia. As correntes teóricas funcionalistas que homogeneízam as juventudes são reatualizadas em tempos de avanço do neoconservadorismo. É um artigo teórico, de revisão de literatura intencional, escolhida pela capacidade de fundamentar criticamente a tese que busca defender. Conclui-se que não apenas a pluralidade no modo de ser jovem é desconsiderada e até criminalizada, como também as formas de proteção e enfrentamento das suas vulnerabilidades sofrem retrocessos com o avanço da Nova Direita no Brasil

The capitalist crisis has led to high unemployment rates among young people, precarious working relationships, criminalization of black youth and a high rate of violence against young people, but according to the thesis defended by this article these implications fall from differently in the age seg-ment, because the youths behave and are differentiated by class, gender and race-ethnicity. The functionalist theoretical currents that homogenize youth are re-updated in times of advancement of neo-conservatism. This is a theoretical article, a review of intentional literature, chosen for its ability to critically ground the thesis it seeks to defend. It is concluded that not only the plurality in the way of being young is disregarded and even criminalized, but the forms of protection and coping with their vulnerabilities suffer setbacks with the advancement of the New Right in Brazil

Produções literárias e audiovisuais nas periferias de Fortaleza: (re)inventando territórios de infâncias e juventudes periféricas / Literary and audiovisual productions on the peripheries of Fortaleza: (re)inventing peripheral childhood and youth territo

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a reinvenção de territórios das infâncias e juventudes periféricas a partir de fotografias e poemas produzidos pelo fotógrafo Leo Silva e pelo poeta Talles Azigon (identificados após a aprovação do artigo) como modo de re-existência em Fortaleza. São problematizações advindas da realização de uma pesquisa-inter(in)venção de ethos cartográfico, junto a esses jovens, em que as imagens e os poemas emergem como dispositivos lúdicos na produção de movimentos contra-hegemônicos frente às "imagens oficiais" historicamente impostas sobre as periferias. Por meio dessas fotografias e poemas, e, portanto, da arte, a reivindicação dos territórios retrata e narra infâncias e juventudes de periferias de Fortaleza a partir de suas potências e não de suas precarizações. Como experimentação, o artigo foi produzido a partir desses poemas e fotografias, além de contar com as participações de (a ser identificado, caso o artigo seja aceito, pois atua como participante da escrita do artigo) e (a ser identificado, caso o artigo seja aceito, pois atua como participante da escrita do artigo) na elaboração do texto como um movimento decolonial de (des)habitar a escrita acadêmica.

This article aims to discuss the reinvention of territories of peripheral childhoods and youths based on photographs and poems produced by photographer Leo Silva and poet Talles Azigon (identified after acceptance of the article) as a way of re-existing in Fortaleza. These are problematizations arising from the realization of an inter(in)vention research of cartographic ethos, with these young people, in which images and poems emerge as playful devices in the production of counter-hegemonic movements against the "official images" historically imposed on the peripheries. Through these photographs and poems, and, therefore, through art, the claim of territories portrays and narrates childhoods and youths on the outskirts of Fortaleza from their strengths and not from their precariousness. As an experiment, the article was produced from these poems and photographs, in addition to counting on the participation of (to be identified if the article is accepted, as it acts as a participant in the writing of the article) and (to be identified if the article is accepted, as it acts as a participant in the writing of the article) in the elaboration of the text as a decolonial movement (dis)inhabiting academic writing.

Knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19 infection and anxiety levels of Nigerian youths regarding the COVID-19 pandemic

Objectives@#Youths can function as agents of change by disseminating essential information, but they are also considered a vulnerable group in the COVID-19 pandemic. Literature on COVID-related knowledge, attitude, and anxiety has not focused comprehensively on youths. This study assesses the knowledge, attitudes, and anxiety level of youths in eastern Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic.@*Methods@#We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using an online survey among young people between the ages of 18 and 35 years in southeastern Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed data using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25 software. We used descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to measure the associations. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant at a 95 percent confidence level.@*Results@#We included 397 participants. Majority of the study participants (88%) had a high level of knowledge about COVID-19. Around 68% showed a good attitude toward COVID-19 prevention, overall low anxiety related to the COVID-19 pandemic was proportionally higher at 57.43%. Knowledge and educational level were statistically significantly associated with anxiety levels related to the COVID-19 pandemic. @*Conclusion@#The young adults had a good knowledge of the COVID-19 transmission and symptoms, positive attitude, and low anxiety levels. Those with higher educational levels had good knowledge and lower anxiety level. Public health and mental health experts can use this material to help reduce high levels of anxiety among the vulnerable population affected by the pandemic.

HIV epidemic in Mizoram, India: A rapid review to inform future responses

Background & objectives: Mizoram, a northeastern State of India bordering Myanmar, is home to several tribal clans under the ethnic group Mizo: Renthelei, Ralte, Paite, Lai, Hmar, Lusei, Mara, Thado and Kuki. Mizos also reside in the neighbouring northeastern States of Tripura, Assam, Manipur and Nagaland. The majority of Mizo people outside India live across the border in the neighbouring Chin State and Sagaing Region of Myanmar. Over the last decade, Mizoram witnessed a concerning level of rise in HIV prevalence among the general population. The present rapid review was conducted to identify various interventions that could help curb this rising trend. Methods: An electronic search strategy with broad domains of ‘HIV/AIDS’, ‘key population’, ‘community engagement’ and ‘interventions in Mizoram’ using PubMed, Embase and Cochrane was adopted; grey literature were also accessed. Evidence, thus gleaned, were synthesized. Results: Twenty eight resource materials comprising articles, reports and dissertations contributed to the current review. Changing tribal social support structure, early initiation of drugs, sexual debut at an early age and drug–sex interface were identified as factors associated with the progression of HIV epidemic in the State. Issues pertaining to the migration of people across the borders and easy access to drugs continue to be of concern. Churches and youth leaders have a strong influence on the society, at times even constraining access of key population groups to HIV prevention and care services. Tackling stigma and discrimination, ensuring uninterrupted HIV services and creation of an enabling environment in this context seems urgently needed. Incarcerated people in the State have been found with a high level of HIV infection and their linkages with prevention and care services need strengthening. Interpretation & conclusions: This review underscores the importance of drawing upon successful intervention examples from the past such as ‘Friends on Friday’ and Red Ribbon Clubs. Active engagement of community-based organizations in programme planning, implementation and monitoring is essential. Establishment of harm reduction interventions for general and key populations paired with strategic communication appear to be the need of the hour.

Diseño y validación de la Escala de Percepción del Riesgo para Conducta Sexual en jóvenes ecuatorianos / Design and validation of the Risk Perception Scale for Sexual Behavior in Ecuadorian Youth

Resumen Introducción: Ser capaces de percibir el riesgo que suponen algunas conductas se asocia a la toma de decisiones protectoras y promotoras de la salud. A pesar de que esta relación es consistente en el caso de comportamientos sexuales, no existe un instrumento culturalmente adaptado al contexto ecuatoriano que evalúe este tipo de percepciones en adolescentes y jóvenes. El objetivo del estudio fue diseñar la "Escala de Percepción del Riesgo para Conducta Sexual en jóvenes ecuatorianos" y analizar sus propiedades psicométricas. Método: Participaron 1822 estudiantes universitarios, con edades entre 16 y 25 años. La escala final contiene 27 ítems. Resultados: El análisis factorial exploratorio determinó la presencia de cuatro subescalas: percepción del riesgo sobre conductas sexuales, percepción del uso del preservativo, conocimiento de los antecedentes sexuales de la pareja y fuente de información sobre sexualidad. El análisis factorial confirmatorio corroboró la estructura factorial con ajuste moderado. Los resultados de la fiabilidad del instrumento arrojaron una consistencia interna excelente. Asimismo, se observó una alta estabilidad, garantizando la fiabilidad test-retest. Conclusión: Se presenta un instrumento fiable y válido para la evaluación de la capacidad de los jóvenes para discernir qué conductas en el marco de la sexualidad podrían suponer un riesgo o una protección para su salud.

Abstract Introduction: Being able to perceive the risk posed by some behaviors is associated with making protective and health-promoting decisions. Although this relationship has been shown to be consistent in the case of sexual behaviors, there is no instrument culturally adapted to the Ecuadorian context that evaluates this type of perceptions in adolescents and young people. The aim of the study was to design the "Risk Perception Scale for Sexual Behavior in Ecuadorian Youth" and analyze its psychometric properties. Method: 1822 university students participated, aged between 16 and 25 years. The final scale contains 27 items. Results: The exploratory factor analysis determined the presence of four subscales: Perception of risk regarding sexual behavior; Perception of condom use; Knowledge of the partner's sexual history and Source of information on sexuality. The confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the factor structure with moderate adjustment. The instrument reliability results showed excellent internal consistency. Likewise, a high stability was observed, guaranteeing test-retest reliability. Conclusion: A reliable and valid instrument is presented for evaluating the ability of young people to discern which behaviors in the context of sexuality could pose a risk or protection to their health.

Propiedades Psicométricas del Cuestionario de Sobreingesta (OQ) en Universitarios del Valle de México / Psychometric Properties of the Overeating Questionnaire (OQ) in University Students from the Valley of Mexico

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la estructura factorial, consistencia interna y estabilidad de la medida del Cuestionario de Sobreingesta Alimentaria (OQ) en una población universitaria. Participaron 703 jóvenes de la zona metropolitana del valle de México con edades entre los 18 y 25 años (M = 20.2; DE = 1.8) de los cuales 73% eran mujeres y 27% hombres. Los análisis de los reactivos se llevaron a cabo siguiendo las técnicas propuestas en la Teoría Clásica de los Test. Tras revisar la distribución, discriminación, correlación ítem total y multicolinealidad de los reactivos se procedió a probar las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento. Aunque tras los análisis sólo se conservaron 61 de los 80 reactivos y diez de las once escalas originales, se observó que el instrumento tiene una estructura factorial similar a la propuesta por los autores del instrumento, ya que los modelos probados mostraron adecuados índices de ajuste en los análisis factoriales confirmatorios y correlaciones entre las escalas similares a la versión original. Las diez escalas mostraron adecuados valores de consistencia interna y aceptables valores de estabilidad de la medida. Se concluye que el OQ cuenta con apropiadas características psicométricas para su uso en universitarios mexicanos.

Abstract The aim of this research was to determine the factorial structure, internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the Overeating Questionnaire (OQ) in a university population. 703 young people from the metropolitan area of the Valley of Mexico with ages between 18 and 25 years (M = 20.2; SD = 1.8) participated, of which 73% were women and 27% men. The translation of the questions into Spanish carried out in 2007 was applied. This application was carried out in two ways: in person and online. Item analyzes were carried out following the techniques proposed in the Classical Test Theory. Initially it was reviewed the distribution, discrimination, total item correlation and multicollinearity of the items. After exploring the distribution of the 80 original items, fifteen were discarded for presenting high asymmetry or kurtosis, then just two items in a scale remained so those were discarded too. No item was eliminated when testing the discrimination of the item. In the element-total correlation two items that obtained values less than .30 were eliminated, and no item was descarted through the multocollinearity analyzes. This way after the initial analyzes only 61 of the 80 items and ten of the eleven original scales were preserved. Subsequently the psychometric properties of the instrument were tested. It is shown that the instrument has a factorial structure similar to that proposed by the authors of the instrument because the tested models showed adequate fit indices in confirmatory factor analyzes and correlations between scales similar to the original version. The ten scales that remained for Mexican population showed adequate values of internal consistency and acceptable test-retest reliability values. It is concluded that the modifications in the OQ have appropriate psychometric characteristic for use in Mexican university students.

Efectos psicosociales de la desaparición forzada de jóvenes en Latinoamérica: una tarea pendiente* / Psychosocial effects of the forced disappearances of young people in Latin America: A pending task / Efeitos psicossociais do desaparecimento forçado de jovens na América Latina: Tarefa pendente

Resumen (analítico) Este artículo realiza una revisión del concepto de trauma psicosocial desde los fenómenos de violencia política en Latinoamérica y, en concreto, sobre la desaparición forzada de jóvenes en Colombia. Desde este análisis teórico-contextual, se plantea cuáles han sido las afectaciones personales, familiares y colectivas (atributos del trauma psicosocial) que este fenómeno de la desaparición forzada ha generado en el tejido social colombiano. A manera de reflexión final, las autoras proponen la necesidad de repensar las afectaciones psicosociales que han sido estudiadas de manera general, a partir de los daños a la sociedad representados en el hecho de desaparecer específicamente jóvenes y las implicaciones que esto ha tenido para el entramado social.

Abstract (analytical) This article reviews the concept of psychosocial trauma based on the phenomena of political violence in Latin America and specifically the forced disappearance of young people in Colombia. Based on this theoretical-contextual analysis, the study identifies that this phenomenon of forced disappearance has generated personal, family and collective affectations - involving attributes of psychosocial trauma - in the Colombian social fabric. As a final reflection, the authors propose the need to rethink the psychosocial effects of the damage to society caused by this violence, represented in the fact that young people have been forcibly disappeared and the implications that this has had for the social fabric.

Resumo (analítico) Este artigo revisa o conceito de trauma psicossocial a partir dos fenômenos de violência política na América Latina e, especificamente, do desaparecimento forçado de jovens na Colômbia. A partir desta análise teórico-contextual, considerase quais foram as consequências pessoais, familiares e coletivas -atributos do trauma psicossocial- que este fenômeno de desaparecimento forçado tem gerado no tecido social colombiano. Como reflexão final, os autores propõem a necessidade de se repensar os efeitos psicossociais que vêm sendo estudados de forma geral, a partir dos prejuízos à sociedade representados pelo desaparecimento específico dos jovens e das implicações que isso teve para a rede social.

What anthropometric indicators are associated with insulin resistance? Cross-sectional study on children and adolescents with diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Studies that test associations between anthropometric indicators and insulin resistance (IR) need to provide better evidence in the context of the pediatric population (children and adolescents) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as anthropometric indicators present a better explanation of the distribution of body fat. OBJECTIVE: To test the associations between anthropometric indicators and insulin resistance (IR) among children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study on 65 children and adolescents (8-15 years) infected with HIV through vertical transmission conducted at the Joana de Gusmão Children's Hospital, Florianópolis, Brazil. METHODS: The anthropometric indicators measured were the abdominal (ASF), triceps (TSF), subscapular (SSF) and calf (CSF) skinfolds. The relaxed arm (RAC), waist (WC) and neck (NC) circumferences were also measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from the relationship between body mass and height. IR was calculated through the Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were used. RESULTS: After adjustment for covariates (sex, bone age, CD4+ T lymphocytes, CD8+ T lymphocytes, viral load, and physical activity), associations between IR and models with SSF and CSF remained. Each of these explained 20% of IR variability. For females, in the adjusted analyses, direct associations between IR and models with ASF (R² = 0.26) and TSF (R² = 0.31) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: SSF and CSF in males and ASF and TSF in females were associated with IR in HIV-infected children and adolescents.

Homicídios juvenis em Fortaleza: questões para a estratégia saúde da família / Youth homicides in Fortaleza: issues for the family health strategy

Esse artigo analisa como a violência urbana é tratada por profissionais de equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família da cidade de Fortaleza-CE, problematizando os efeitos da intensificação dos homicídios nos cotidianos desses profissionais. O estudo é fruto de um desdobramento de uma pesquisa-inter(in)venção, sob o método da cartografia, que analisou práticas institucionais em torno da problemática dos homicídios infanto-juvenis em territórios de uma periferia da capital cearense. A discussão foi feita a partir de articulações da Psicologia Social com autores e autoras de áreas afins que seguem caminhos semelhantes no trato das juventudes e das expressões da violência. Os dados foram produzidos por observações no cotidiano, conversas no território, grupos de discussões e entrevistas. A seção de resultados e discussão aborda: o desafio de compreender o fenômeno da violência como lócus de ação-reflexão-ação, demandando práticas comunitárias e intersetoriais em torno de uma nova agenda no âmbito das políticas públicas de saúde.

This article analyzes how urban violence is treated by professionals from the Family Health Strategy teams in the city of Fortaleza-CE, problematizing the effects of the intensification of homicides in the daily lives of these professionals. The study is the result of an inter(in)vention-research, using the cartography method, which analyzed institutional practices around the issue of juvenile homicides in territories on the outskirts of the capital of Ceará. The discussion was based on the articulation of Social Psychology with authors from related fields who follow similar paths in dealing with youth and the expressions of violence. Data were produced by observations in daily life, conversations in the territory, discussion groups and interviews. The results and discussion section addresses: the challenge of understanding the phenomenon of violence as a locus of action-reflection-action, demanding community and intersectoral practices around a new agenda in the scope of public health policies.

Contexto sociocultural y construcción de identidades en jóvenes de escuelas rurales / Sociocultural context and construction of identities in young people from rural schools

La investigación tiene como objetivo comprender la incidencia de los contextos socioculturales en la cons-trucción de identidades en jóvenes rurales, a través del análisis etnográfico hermenéutico del discurso en estudiantes y un profesor de una institución pública rural de Cundinamarca, Colombia. El estudio fue desarrollado desde un enfoque cualitativo, a través de la etnografía hermenéutica con estudio de caso, con la participación de 16 estudiantes con edades entre los 11 y 15 años, de sexto a noveno de educación básica secundaria, y 1 docente del modelo educativo telesecundaria. Se utilizaron instrumentos y técnicas de recolección de información cualitativas (el protocolo esperanzas y temores, la entrevista estructurada, los relatos de vida y la cartografía social). Los resultados muestran que los contextos socioculturales afectan la enseñanza, el aprendizaje y la construcción de identidades en los jóvenes rurales y que se requieren currículos contextualizados, construidos desde el reconocimiento de los territorios, la comprensión del entorno sociocultural y del trato diferenciado entre las poblaciones, según las condiciones de vulnerabilidad de cada persona, desde una mirada intercultural

The research aims to understand the incidence of sociocultural contexts in the construction of identities in rural youth, through the hermeneutical ethnographic analysis of discourse in students and a teacher in a rural public institution in Cundinamarca Colombia. The study was developed from a qualitative approach, through hermeneutic ethnography with a case study, with the participation of 16 students between the ages of 11 and 15 from sixth to ninth grade of basic secondary education and 1 teacher of the telesecondary educational model. Qualitative information collection tools and techniques were used (the Hopes and Fears protocol, the structured interview, life stories and social cartography). The results show how sociocultural contexts affect teaching, learning and identity construction in rural youth. Contextualized curricula are required, built from the recognition of the territories, the understanding of the sociocultural environment and the differential treatment between populations, according to the vulnerability conditions of each person and from an intercultural perspective

Street youths: reproductive health risk status, reproductive health challenges and barriers to health services utilization in a southwestern City, Nigeria

Background Information: According to the United Nations, about 150 million youth spent most of their time on the street, or better still, homeless. This is becoming a global phenomenon and majority of this vulnerable people live in large cities and urban areas of developing countries. Street youths are among the high risk, insecure and vulnerable groups who are often exposed to various forms of abuses and diseases, including reproductive health issues. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among street youths in Ikorodu Local Government, Lagos State using a multi staged sampling technique. Frequency tables were drawn at the univariate level, chi squared was used to test for association between socio-demographic characteristics and sexual risk level. Data was analyzed using SPPSS version 22, p value was set at 0.05 Results: Almost half 48(48.5%) of the respondents were between the age range 20-24years and two third 61(61.6%) of them were female and 27(27.3%) had up to senior secondary education attainments. Majority 73(73.7%) of them have been on the street for more than 3months and 32 (32.3%) professed that the reason they were on the street was to search for job while 25 (25.3%) because of family disharmony among parents. Eighty-six (86.9%) of the respondents were sexually active, 31 (36.0%) of which have more than four sexual partners. Duration of stay on the street and their educational status were determinants of risky sexual behavior and polygamous setting was found to be statistically significant (p value =0.035) with reproductive health challenges. Conclusion: There is high risk sexual practice among street youths in Ikorodu Local Government. Strategic interventions aimed at minimizing sexual risky behaviors among street youths should focus on reducing the duration of stay on the street as well as increasing access to contraception

Cross-cultural validation of a questionnaire to assess spinal pain in children / Validação transcultural de um questionário de avaliação da dor na coluna em crianças / Validación transcultural de un cuestionario para evaluar el dolor de espalda en niños

ABSTRACT Objective: To validate the cross-cultural adaptation of the English version of theYoung Spine Questionnaire (YSQ) to Portuguese. The questionnaire enables the evaluation, in children, of back pain prevalence and frequency, restrictions on activity, care-seeking behavior, and the influence that the parents' manifestations of back pain can have. Method: The research was conducted in a school setting, with a sample of 128 children aged 9 to 12 years (63 males and 65 females). The questionnaire was completed at two different moments. Test-retest reliability was used to evaluate the degree of reproducibility, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the two sets of observed values was estimated for p<0.05. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess the degree of reliability (internal consistency) of the questionnaire. Results: For most of questions, the ICC ranged between 0.527 and 0.870, with reasonable to excellent correlation to the reproducibility index. The exceptions were foritem c) in two of the first three questions, where the ICC values (0.149 and 0.277) were lower. The value of Cronbach's alpha calculation was 0.8, indicating high internal consistency. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that the cross-cultural adaptation of the YSQ had content validity, was well-understood, and suitable for use in studies with Portuguese children between 9 and 12 years of age. Level of evidence II; Development of diagnostic criteria.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Objetivo: Validar a adaptação transcultural da versão inglesa do "The Young Spine Questionnaire" (YSQ), para a língua portuguesa. O questionário permite avaliar, em crianças, a taxa de prevalência e a frequência de dor na coluna, as restrições de atividade, o comportamento de procura de cuidados e a influência que pode ter a dor de coluna manifestada pelos pais. Método: A pesquisa foi realizada em contexto escolar, com uma amostra de 128 crianças dos 9 aos 12 anos (63 do sexo masculino e 65 do sexo feminino). O questionário foi preenchido em dois momentos distintos. Para avaliar o seu grau de reprodutibilidade utilizou-se o Teste-Reteste, estimando-se o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC) entre os dois conjuntos de valores observados, para p<0,05. Também se recorreu ao coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, para encontrar o grau de confiabilidade (consistência interna) do questionário. Resultados: Na maioria das questões o intervalo do ICC situou-se entre 0,527 e 0,870, correspondente a uma correlação situada entre razoável a excelente para índice de reprodutibilidade. A exceção foram dois dos itens c) das três primeiras questões, em que o ICC apresentou valores inferiores (0,149 e 0,277). O valor do cálculo do Alfa de Cronbach resultou em 0,8, apresentando elevada consistência interna. Conclusão: Ficou demonstrado que a adaptação transcultural do YSQ tem validade de conteúdo e é bem compreendida para ser utilizada em estudos com crianças portuguesas dos 9 aos 12 anos de idade. Nível de evidência II; Desenvolvimento de critérios de diagnóstico.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Validar la adaptación transcultural de la versión inglesa del "The Young Spine Questionnaire" (YSQ) al portugués. El cuestionario permite evaluar, en los niños, la tasa de prevalencia y frecuencia del dolor de espalda , las restricciones de actividad, el comportamiento de búsqueda de atención y la influencia que puede tener el dolor de espalda manifestado por los padres. Método: La investigación se llevó a cabo en un entorno escolar, con una muestra de 128 niños de 9 a 12 años (63 niños y 65 niñas). El cuestionario se completó en dos momentos diferentes. Para evaluar su grado de reproducibilidad, se utilizó el "Test-Retest", estimando el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) entre los dos conjuntos de valores observados, para p <0,05. También se utilizó el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, para conocer el grado de confiabilidad (consistencia interna) del cuestionario. Resultados: En la mayoría de las preguntas, el CCI osciló entre 0,527 y 0,870, lo que corresponde a una correlación situada entre razonable y excelente para el índice de reproducibilidad. Las excepciones fueron dos de los ítems c) de las tres primeras preguntas, donde el ICC mostró valores más bajos (0,149 y 0,277). El valor del cálculo del Alfa de Cronbach dio como resultado 0,8, lo que demuestra una alta consistencia interna. Conclusión: Se demostró que la adaptación transcultural del YSQ tiene validez de contenido y es adecuada para ser utilizada en estudios con niños portugueses de entre 9 y 12 años. Nivel de evidencia II; Desarrollo de criterios diagnósticos.

Corpos jovens em evidência no contexto da pandemia: o que pode um corpo? / Young bodies in the spotlight during the pandemic: what can a body do? / Cuerpos jóvenes en evidencia en el contexto de la pandemia: ¿qué puede hacer un cuerpo?

RESUMO Neste artigo discutimos as experiências de um projeto de ensino/extensão, com foco em reflexões acerca do corpo no ambiente escolar. Apresentamos um relato de oficinas realizadas entre o final de 2019 e o primeiro ano da pandemia, com uma turma do ensino médio de um colégio de aplicação, vinculado a uma universidade pública do Rio de Janeiro. O fio condutor partiu da pergunta "O que pode um corpo?", buscando problematizar como esses/as estudantes vinham constituindo os processos de "ser corpo" e como lidavam com isso na vida escolar. O projeto se orientava a cada encontro pelas narrativas discentes, provocando formas outras de pensar e sentir o corpo e produzindo, coletivamente, possibilidades de ampliar os modos de ver e sentir os corpossujeitos.

ABSTRACT This article discusses the experiences of a teaching and extension project, focusing on reflections of the body in the school environment. It presents the report of workshops held between the end of 2019 and the first year of the pandemic, in 2020, with a high school class from a College of Application, linked to a public university. The guiding thread started from the question "What can a body do?", with the aim of how these students were constituting the processes of "being a body" and how they dealt with it in school life. . The work was guided by the narratives of these students, provoking other ways of thinking and feeling the body and collectively producing possibilities to expand the ways of seeing and feeling the body-subjects.

RESUMEN Este artículo discute las experiencias de un proyecto de enseñanza y extensión, que se centró en reflexiones sobre el cuerpo en el ámbito escolar. Presenta el informe de talleres realizados entre finales de 2019 y el primer año de la pandemia, en 2020, con una clase de bachillerato de una Facultad de Aplicación, vinculada a una universidad pública. El hilo conductor partió de la pregunta "¿Qué puede hacer un cuerpo?", con el objetivo de cuestionar cómo estos estudiantes estaban constituyendo los procesos de "ser cuerpo" y cómo lo enfrentaban en la vida escolar. El trabajo fue guiado por las narrativas de estos estudiantes. Así, buscamos provocar otras formas de pensar y sentir el cuerpo, para producir colectivamente posibilidades de ampliar las formas de ver y sentir los cuerpos vivos y palpitantes.

Barreiras de acesso ao lazer e ausência de políticas públicas impactos nas juventudes Negras do Jardim Brasil - São Paulo / Leisure constraints created and the lack of public policies: impact on black youth in Jardim Brasil - São Paulo

O artigo evidencia as barreiras de acesso ao Lazer por parte do Estado e seus impactos na juventude negra do bairro Jardim Brasil, na Zona Norte da cidade de São Paulo. Baseado em dados, apresenta o que configuram as barreiras visíveis e invisíveis de lazer, evidenciando sua percepção e interpretação acerca dessas barreiras: como as identificam e como são impactados por elas. A pesquisa se vale do método qualitativo de caráter exploratório, explicativo, combinado com pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo com 14 jovens autodeclarados negros na faixa etária de 18 a 29 anos, através da aplicação de entrevista semiestruturada, com questões abertas e fechadas para análise de discurso. A delimitação do estudo permeia o questionamento de como a ausência de políticas públicas de lazer impacta diretamente a juventude negra do Jardim Brasil. De acordo com os dados apresentados e as percepções dos jovens negros entrevistados, conclui-se que há uma significativa presença de barreiras de acesso ao lazer para tal público que compromete a noção de pertencimento e/ou identificação pelo equipamento cultural bem como de suas respectivas programações.

The present work aims to evidence the leisure constraints created by the State and its impacts on black youth of Jardim Brasil, a neighborhood in the North zone of São Paulo city. Based on evidence we highlight what are the visibles and invisibles leisure constraints highlighting their perceptions and interpretations about the access barriers: as the way they identified it and also how they are affected by it. We employed the qualitative method of exploratory character, combined with bibliographic and field research with 14 self declared black young people between the ages of 18 to 29 years old, by conducting semi structured interviews with open and closed questions and analysed according to the discourse analysis. The delimitation of the study permeates the questioning of how the lack of leisure policies directly affected the black youth of Jardim Brasil. According to the data presented and the perceptions of the young black people interviewed, it is concluded that there is a significant presence of leisure constraints for this public, which compromises the notion of belonging and/or identification by cultural equipment as well as their respective programming.

Exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua no Sul do Brasil / Sexual exploitation of homeless children and adolescents living on the streets in Southern Brazil

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a prevalência de exploração sexual entre crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua e as características associadas a este desfecho. Neste estudo transversal, conduzido nos municípios de Rio Grande e Porto Alegre-RS, os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com os participantes, as quais foram conduzidas por entrevistadores treinados. O método de amostragem foi o Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) e as análises estatísticas foram conduzidas por meio da regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto da variância. A amostra foi composta por 186 crianças e adolescentes com idades entre 10 e 17 anos, das quais 8% relataram ter tido experiência de exploração sexual. Ter idade entre 16 e 17 anos, ter sofrido relação sexual forçada e não ter vínculo escolar foram características independentemente associadas a este desfecho. Foi observada que a falta de vínculo escolar aumentou em 16 vezes a probabilidade de sofrer exploração sexual, sendo o principal fator de risco identificado neste estudo. Sugere-se que a inclusão e permanência das crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua no contexto escolar possa reduzir significativamente o risco de exploração sexual entre esta população.

Abstract The scope of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sexual exploitation of homeless children and adolescents living on the streets, as well as characteristics associated with this outcome. In this cross-sectional investigation, carried out in the municipalities of Rio Grande and Porto Alegre-RS, data were collected through interviews, which were conducted by trained interviewers. The Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) strategy was adopted and statistical analyses were conducted using Poisson regression with robust adjustment of variance. The sample included 186 children and adolescents between 10 and 17 years of age, of which 8% reported having been subjected to sexual exploitation. Being 16 to 17 years old, having had forced sexual intercourse and not having bonds with school were characteristics independently associated with this outcome. It was observed that the lack of contact with school increased the probability 16-fold of having suffered sexual exploitation, being considered the main risk factor in this study. The proposition is that the inclusion and permanence of homeless children and adolescents living on the streets into schools might significantly reduce the risk of sexual exploitation of this population group.

Asociación entre indicadores antropométricos y dislipidemia en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes de la ciudad de Caracas / Association between anthropometric indicators and dyslipidemia in adolescents and young adults in the city of Caracas

Tradicionalmente se han utilizado algunos índices antropométricos para el diagnóstico de exceso de peso en niños y adolescentes que han mostrado algunas desventajas por lo que se han postulado otros indicadores. En ese sentido, se plantea estimar el nivel de asociación entre indicadores antropométricos y la presencia de dislipidemia en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. Se realizó una investigación observacional, descriptiva y de corte transversal en 123 adolescentes (68,2% mujeres, edad promedio 14,5 años) y 122 adultos jóvenes (70,5% mujeres, edad promedio 21 años) de la ciudad de Caracas. Se calcularon Índices de Masa Corporal (IMC), Índice Cintura­Talla (ICT), Índice de Masa Corporal Abdominal (IMCA) e Índice de Masa Tri-Ponderal (IMT). Se obtuvo una muestra de sangre por punción venosa, en ayuno de 12 a 14 horas, a partir de la cual se cuantificó Colesterol Total, Lipoproteína de alta densidad y Triglicéridos. Se calculó la concentración de Lipoproteína de baja densidad por la fórmula de Friedewald, así como el índice LDL-C/HDL-C y el índice LogTg/HDL. Para el análisis e interpretación de los datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva univariante y multivariante. Los resultados revelaron que los índices antropométricos IMCA e IMT no mostraron mejor desempeño en predecir dislipidemia que los indicadores IMC, Circunferencia de Cintura (CC) e ICT en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. Los indicadores antropométricos de adiposidad abdominal, CC e ICT, tendieron a presentar mayores OR, ABC, sensibilidad y especificidad independientemente del grupo de estudio. En general, la capacidad de los indicadores antropométricos evaluados en predecir la presencia de dislipidemia en adultos jóvenes fue adecuada, situación que no se presentó en los adolescentes(AU)

Traditionally, some anthropometric indices have been used for the diagnosis of excess weight in children and adolescents, which have shown some disadvantages for which other indicators have been postulated. In this sense, it is proposed to estimate the level of association between anthropometric indicators and the presence of dyslipidemia in adolescents and young adults. An observational, descriptive cross-sectional investigation was carried out in 123 adolescents (68,2% women, media age 14,5 years) and 122 young adults (70,5% women, media age 21 years) from the city of Caracas. Body Mass Indices (BMI), Waist-Height Ratio (WHR), Abdominal Body Mass Index (BMAI) and Tri-Ponderal Mass Index (TMI) were calculated. A blood sample was obtained by venipuncture, fasting for 12 to 14 hours, from which Total Cholesterol, High Density Lipoprotein and Triglycerides were quantified. The low-density lipoprotein concentration was calculated by the FriedEwald formula, as well as the LDL-C / HDL-C index and the LogTg / HDL index. Univariate and multivariate descriptive statistics were used for the analysis and interpretation of the data. The results revealed that the BMI and TMI anthropometric indices did not show better performance in predicting dyslipidemia than the BMI, Waist Circumference (WC) and WHR indicators in adolescents and young adults. The anthropometric indicators of abdominal adiposity, WC and WHR, tended to present higher OR, AUC, sensitivity and specificity regardless of the study group. In general, the capacity of the anthropometric indicators evaluated to predict the presence of dyslipidemia in young adults was adequate, a situation that did not occur in adolescents(AU)

Effects of multicomponent interventions on biochemical markers in obese youth: a systematic review protocol / Efeitos de intervenções multicomponentes em marcadores bioquímicos em jovens obesos: um protocolo de revisão sistemática

Physical exercise is effective in modulating circulating inflammatory markers of obesity. However, little is known about the effects of interventions with physical exercise programs accompanied by nutritional and/or psychological guidance, configuring themselves as multicomponent programs. Thus, the aim of this review is to systematically evaluate the evidence related to the effects of mul-ticomponent weight-loss interventions in modulating circulating inflammatory markers in children and adolescents. Therefore, the following databases will be searched to identify all relevant articles: PubMed, SciELO, Lilacs, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, SPORT Discus. Randomized con-trolled trials and quasi-experimental studies of children and adolescents (6 to 18 years old) will be included. Eligible interventions will target weight-related behaviors (including diet, physical activity, behavior modification and/or combinations thereof ). Two independent reviewers will select studies using Rayyan QCRI software and extract the data to a standard form. The main outcomes of the review will be the circulating values of leptin, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) in a quantitative way. To assess the methodological quality (or risk of bias) of individual studies, Effective Public Health Practice Project assessment tool will be used. The meta-analysis will be performed using the Review Manager software

O exercício físico é eficaz na modulação dos marcadores inflamatórios circulantes da obesidade. Porém, pou-co se sabe sobre os efeitos de intervenções com programas de exercícios físicos acompanhados de orientações nutricionais e/ou psicológicas, configurando-se como programas multicomponentes. Assim, o objetivo des-te protocolo é propor uma revisão sistematicamente das evidências relacionadas aos efeitos de intervenções multicomponentes para perda de peso na modulação de marcadores inflamatórios circulantes em crianças e adolescentes. Para tanto, as seguintes bases de dados serão pesquisadas para identificar todos os artigos relevantes: PubMed, SciELO, Lilacs, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, SPORT Discus. Serão incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados e estudos quase experimentais com crianças e adolescentes (6 a 18 anos). As intervenções elegíveis terão como foco a melhora dos comportamentos relacionados ao peso (incluindo dieta, atividade física, modificação de comportamento e/ou combinações dos mesmos). Dois revisores independentes selecionarão estudos usando o software Rayyan QCRI e extrairão os dados em um formulário padrão. O principal resultado da revisão serão os valores circulantes de leptina, interleucina 6 (IL-6) e fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-α) de forma quantitativa. Para avaliar a qualidade metodológica (ou risco de viés) de estudos individuais será utilizada a ferramenta de avaliação Effective Public Health Practice Project. A meta-análise será realizada no software Review Manager

PesquisarCOM jovens: pistas metodológicas para narrativas ético-políticas / PesquisarCON jóvenes: pistas metodológicas para narrativas ético-políticas / ResearchWITH youngs: methodological clues to ethical policy narratives

Este artigo tem como proposta discutir pistas metodológicas para construções coletivas de pesquisas com jovens, afirmando as juventudes como coautoras e pesquisadoras desse processo. A partir de uma experiência de PesquisarCOM Jovens no Trabalho Educativo (TEd) - uma modalidade do Serviço de Convivência e Fortalecimento de Vínculos (SCFV) destinada a jovens de 14 a 18 anos incompletos -, emergiram as seguintes problematizações: como pesquisar junto com as jovens do Trabalho Educativo? Como expressar as intensidades e modos de experimentar as juventudes no Trabalho Educativo por meio de narrativas? Tendo como premissa sugestões dos jovens, foram confeccionados cadernos nos quais são narrados com ilustrações e textos as experiências coletivas e singulares das juventudes do TEd. Depois da produção dos cadernos e das narrativas, notou-se a importância de escutar e valorizar as experiências e os saberes dos jovens na construção das oficinas do TEd, principalmente o módulo de cidadania, para que o serviço não reproduza lógicas colonizadoras, racistas, epistemicidas e violentas.

This article aims to discuss methodological clues for collective construction of research with young people, affirming the youths as co-authors and researches of this process. From an experience of SearchingCOM young people in Educational Work - a modality of the Service of Living and Bonding (SCFV) aimed at young people from 14 to 18 years old incomplete - the following issues emerged: how to research together with young people in Educational Work? How to express the intensities and ways of experiencing youth in educational work through narratives? From the suggestions of the young, notebooks were made in which narratives with illustrations and texts are narrated the collective and singular experiences of the youth of TEd. After the production of notebooks and narratives, it was noted the importance of listening and valuing the experiences and knowledge of young people in the construction of TEd workshops, especially the citizenship module, so that the service does not reproduce colonizing, racist, epistemicidal logics and violent.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir pistas metodológicas para la construcción colectiva de la investigación con los jóvenes, afirmando las juventudes como coautoras e investigadoras de este proceso. A partir de una experiencia de PesquisarCON jóvenes en el Trabajo Educativo - una modalidad del Servicio de Convivencia y Fortalecimiento de Lazos (SCFV) dirigida a jóvenes de 14 a 18 años - surgieron los siguientes problematizaciones: ¿cómo investigar junto con los jóvenes en el Trabajo Educativo? ¿Cómo expresar las intensidades y formas de experimentar la juventud en el trabajo educativo en narrativas? A partir de las sugerencias de los jóvenes, se hicieron cuadernos en los que se narran con ilustraciones y textos sobre las experiencias colectivas y singulares de los jóvenes de TEd. Después de la producción de cuadernos y narrativas, se señaló la importancia de escuchar y valorar las experiencias y el conocimiento de los jóvenes en la construcción de talleres de TEd, especialmente el módulo de ciudadanía, para que el servicio no reproduzca lógicas colonizadoras, racistas, epistemicidas y violentas.

Comparación de la búsqueda de sensaciones en diferentes niveles de la conducta alimentaria de riesgo en jóvenes / Comparative sensation seeking traits in different risky eating behaviors in young people

Resumen Los objetivos de la presente investigación son describir las conductas alimentarias, así como comparar la búsqueda de sensaciones en diferentes niveles de riesgo alimentario. Se midieron las conductas alimentarias de riesgo y la búsqueda de sensaciones. Se seleccionó una muestra no probabilística de tipo intencional de 1012 jóvenes, de entre 14 y 22 años de edad (M = 16.7). Los resultados mostraron que las mujeres se preocupan más por su peso, vomitan, ayunan, hacen dieta y usan pastillas para perder peso, en comparación con los hombres, quienes practican más atracones y tienen una mayor falta de control al comer que las mujeres. Además, quienes presentan alto riesgo alimentario tienen mayores niveles de búsqueda de sensaciones. La discusión analiza la utilidad de lo encontrado para prevenir los problemas alimentarios en los jóvenes, así como identificar a la búsqueda de sensaciones como un factor de riesgo del comportamiento alimentario dentro de los programas de nutrición y salud.

Abstract The objective of this research was to describe the risk behavior eating and analyze differencces in sensatión seeking into risk disorder eating. A questionnaire was used that included risk eating behaviors and sensation seeking inventory. A sample was use formed by 1012 youths between 14 and 22 (mean 16.7) years old, in México City. The results revealed that the woman concern about weight, vomit, fast, make restrictive dieting and use pills for weight reduce, a difference of the man, this make binge eating, lose self- control for eating, more than the woman. The youths male and female with high nutritional risk have higher levels in sensations seeking. The discussion analyzes the utility for prevent eating disorders in youths and identify the sensation seeking as a risk factor for eating behavior within the nutrition and health programs.